CentOS 7静默安装Oracle 12C数据库
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我要咨询环境
System : CentOS 7.x
mydb://> uname -a
Linux mydb 3.10.0-693.17.1.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Jan 25 20:13:58 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
SELINUX: 关闭
FIREWALL：关闭
systemctl stop firewalld.service --关闭防火墙
systemctl disable firewalld.service -- 禁止防火墙开机启动
systemctl status firewalld.service -- 查看防火墙状态
操作步骤
A、环境准备
B、用户组创建
C、修改系统内核参数
D、修改用户配置
E、数据库应用安装
F、数据库初始化
A、环境准备
1、选择Oracle安装包，直接去官网选择自己需要的版本
2、使用root用户登录，进行系统基础环境准备。
执行以下命令：
yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*i686 compat-libstdc++-33*.devel compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc*.i686 glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.devel libgcc libgcc*.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.devel libXi libXi*.i686 libXtst libXtst*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686
执行检查命令：
rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXi libXtst make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel
B、用户组创建
1、创建 oinstall 和 DBA 组
mydb:/root/> groupadd oinstall
mydb:/root/> groupadd DBA
2、创建 Oracle 用户，设置密码
mydb:/root/> useradd -g oinstall -G DBA Oracle
mydb:/root/> passwd Oracle
Changing password for user Oracle.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word
BAD PASSWORD: is too simple
Retype new password:
BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
3、查看用户 id Oracle
mydb:/root/> id Oracle
uid=1004(Oracle) gid=1004(oinstall) groups=1004(oinstall),1005(DBA)
C、修改系统内核参数
1、修改系统配置： vi /etc/sysctl.conf ，增加如下内容：
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
# shmall 是全部允许使用的共享内存大小，shmmax 是单个段允许使用的大小。
kernel.shmmax = 6465333657
kernel.shmall = 10523004
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
2、使配置生效： sysctl -p
D、修改用户配置
1、修改用户限制。
打开文件： vi /etc/security/limits.conf
在文件末尾添加如下6行内容：
Oracle soft nproc 2047
Oracle hard nproc 16384
Oracle soft nofile 1024
Oracle hard nofile 65536
Oracle soft stack 10240
Oracle hard stack 10240
2、修改用户登录库文件引用
打开系统文件： vi /etc/pam.d/login
在文件末尾添加如下2行内容：
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
3、修改用户登录环境变量
打开系统文件： vi /etc/profile
在文件末尾添加如下内容：
if [ $USER = "Oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
退出编辑状态，使修改的文件生效：source /etc/profile
4、创建安装目录，配置安装目录权限。
mkdir -p /usr/app/
chown -R Oracle:oinstall /usr/app/
chmod -R 775 /usr/app/
5、配置 Oracle 用户环境变量
切换用户： su – Oracle
编辑环境变量： vi .bash_profile
新增配置如下：
export ORACLE_BASE=/usr/app/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PS1=`uname -n`':$PWD/> '
生效配置文件： source .bash_profile
E、数据库应用安装
1、使用 Oracle 用户，创建数据库安装配置文件夹 etc 。
mydb://> su - Oracle
mydb:/home/oracle/> mkdir etc
2、上传安装文件到 Oracle 用户目录下，并解压文件。
执行命令：
mydb:/home/oracle/> unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip
mydb:/home/oracle/> unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip
解压完成会在用户目录下出现一个 database 文件夹
3、复制 Oracle配置文件到 etc 目录下，并修改配置文件权限
mydb:/home/oracle/> cp ./database/response/* ./etc/
mydb:/home/oracle/> chmod 700 ./etc/*.rsp
4、修改静默安装配置文件 db_install.rsp
vi ./etc/db_install.rsp
# 修改文件配置
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the installation option.
# It can be one of the following:
# - INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
# - INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG
# - UPGRADE_DB
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Unix group to be set for the inventory directory.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the location which holds the inventory files.
# This is an optional parameter if installing on
# Windows based Operating System.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/usr/app/oracle/oraInventory
# Specify value as the following to select all the languages.
# Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=all_langs
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Home.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_HOME=/usr/app/oracle/product/12/db_1
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Base.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_BASE=/usr/app/oracle
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the installation edition of the component.
#
# The value should contain only one of these choices.
# - EE : Enterprise Edition
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The DBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSDBA privileges.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=DBA
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OPER_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSOPER privileges.
# The value to be specified for OSOPER group is optional.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The BACKUPDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSBACKUPDBA privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle.install.db.BACKUPDBA_GROUP=oinstall
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The DGDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSDGDBA privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle.install.db.DGDBA_GROUP=oinstall
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The KMDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSKMDBA privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle.install.db.KMDBA_GROUP=oinstall
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the type of database to create.
# It can be one of the following:
# - GENERAL_PURPOSE
# - DATA_WAREHOUSE
# GENERAL_PURPOSE: A starter database designed for general purpose use or transaction-heavy applications.
# DATA_WAREHOUSE : A starter database optimized for data warehousing applications.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database Global Database Name.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database SID.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database character set.
#
# One of the following
# AL32UTF8, WE8ISO8859P15, WE8MSWIN1252, EE8ISO8859P2,
# EE8MSWIN1250, NE8ISO8859P10, NEE8ISO8859P4, BLT8MSWIN1257,
# BLT8ISO8859P13, CL8ISO8859P5, CL8MSWIN1251, AR8ISO8859P6,
# AR8MSWIN1256, EL8ISO8859P7, EL8MSWIN1253, IW8ISO8859P8,
# IW8MSWIN1255, JA16EUC, JA16EUCTILDE, JA16SJIS, JA16SJISTILDE,
# KO16MSWIN949, ZHS16GBK, TH8TISASCII, ZHT32EUC, ZHT16MSWIN950,
# ZHT16HKSCS, WE8ISO8859P9, TR8MSWIN1254, VN8MSWIN1258
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable should be set to true if Automatic Memory Management
# in Database is desired.
# If Automatic Memory Management is not desired, and memory allocation
# is to be done manually, then set it to false.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable holds the password that is to be used for all schemas in the
# starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=Oracle
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify whether to enable the user to set the password for
# My Oracle Support credentials. The value can be either true or false.
# If left blank it will be assumed to be false.
#
# Example : SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=true
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=true
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify whether user doesn't want to configure Security Updates.
# The value for this variable should be true if you don't want to configure
# Security Updates, false otherwise.
#
# The value can be either true or false. If left blank it will be assumed
# to be false.
#
# Example : DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=false
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
5、开始安装，执行 db_install.rsp
mydb:/home/oracle/> ./database/runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
Checking Temp space: must be greater than 500 MB. Actual 43690 MB Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 511 MB Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2019-08-01_03-16-16PM. Please wait ...
…
…
You can find the log of this install session at:
/usr/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions2019-08-01_03-20-39PM.log
The installation of Oracle Database 12c was successful.
Please check '/usr/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2019-08-01_03-20-39PM.log' for more details.
As a root user, execute the following script(s):
1. /usr/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
2. /usr/app/oracle/product/12/db_1/root.sh
Successfully Setup Software.
等待结果，这样安装就成功完成了。
6、切换 root 用户，修改数据库配置
mydb://> /usr/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /usr/app/oracle/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
Changing groupname of /usr/app/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
mydb://> /usr/app/oracle/product/12/db_1/root.sh
Check /usr/app/oracle/product/12/db_1/install/root_mydb_2020-01-01_19-00-31.log for the output of root script
F、数据库初始化
1、使用 Oracle 用户登录，修改用户环境变量
export ORACLE_BASE=/usr/app/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/app/oracle/product/12/db_1
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"
export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF8"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'
使环境变量生效，执行命令：source .bash_profile
2、配置监听程序
mydb:/home/oracle/> netca /silent /responsefile /home/oracle/etc/netca.rsp
3、启动监听
mydb:/home/oracle/> lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on 01-8月 -2019 15:47:15
Copyright (c) 1991, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved.
4、静默建库文件修改，打开 dbca.rsp 文件。
vi ./etc/dbca.rsp
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : SID
# Datatype : String
# Description : System identifier (SID) of the database
# Valid values : Check Oracle12c Administrator's Guide
# Default value : specified in GDBNAME
# Mandatory : No
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SID = "orcl"
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : CHARACTERSET
# Datatype : String
# Description : Character set of the database
# Valid values : Check Oracle12c National Language Support Guide
# Default value : "US7ASCII"
# Mandatory : NO
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : LISTENERS
# Datatype : String
# Description : Specifies list of listeners to register the database with.
# By default the database is configured for all the listeners specified in the
# $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
# Valid values : The list should be comma separated like "listener1,listener2".
# Mandatory : NO
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
LISTENERS = "LISTENERS"
5、执行静默建库
mydb:/home/oracle/> dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /home/oracle/etc/dbca.rsp
输入 SYS 用户口令:
输入 SYSTEM 用户口令:
复制数据库文件
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有关详细信息, 请参阅日志文件 "/usr/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl.log"。
建库完成了。
6、创建数据库应用用户并授权。
mydb:/home/oracle/> sqlplus / as sysDBA
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on 星期四 8月 1 16:45:33 2019
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved.
连接到:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
SQL> create user user1 identified by passwd1;
用户已创建。
SQL> grant connect,resource,DBA to user1;
授权成功。
